أخلاق المسلم فى التجارة

أخلاق المسلم في التجارة

بقلم الشيخ عبدالعزيز رجب

عضو الاتحاد العالمي لعلماء المسلمين

بثلاث لغات (العربية – الإنجليزية – الإيطالية)

الحمد لله، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وصحبه ومن والاه، وبعد.

 التجارة في الإسلام لا تحكمها القوانين والقواعد الأصولية والفقهية والوضعية وفقط، وإنما تحكمها كذلك الضوابط والقيم الأخلاقية والتي ينبغي علينا التحلي بها في بيعنا وشرائنا وتعاملاتنا كلها، فالبيع والشراء نوع من التعاون، ولا بد أن يكون على البر والتقوى كما قال سبحانه: }وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْإِثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ{ [المائدة:2]

وقد وضع الإسلام للتجارة ضوابط أخلاقية، وسلوكيات اجتماعية، وآداباً إنسانية ينبغي التمسك بها والحفاظ عليها، بها ينصلح حال البلاد والعباد، ومن هذه القيم الأخلاقية:

حسن النية، فالنية إذا كانت حسنة، يسر الله لك وبارك في بيعك، وإذا كانت سيئة، ضاعت تجارتك، ولو كنت أذكى الناس، فعن أبي هريرة –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «مَنْ أَخَذَ أَمْوَالَ النَّاسِ يُرِيدُ أَدَاءَهَا أَدَّى الله عَنْهُ، وَمَنْ أَخَذَهَا يُرِيدُ إِتْلاَفَهَا أَتْلَفَهُ الله». أخرجه: البخاري وأحمد وهو صحيح.

ويقول أبو حامد الغزالي: "حسن النية والعقيدة في ابتداء التجارة، فلينوِ بها الاستعفافَ عن السؤال، وكفَّ الطمع عن الناس، استغناءً بالحلال عنهم، واستعانةً بما يكسبه على الدين، وقياماً بكفاية العيال، ليكون من جملة المجاهدين به" (إحياء علوم الدين: 2/84)

ومنها دعاء دخول السوق، كما جاء عن عمر بن الخطاب –رضي الله عنه-، عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَدْخُلُ السُّوقَ: لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ، وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، وَهُوَ حَيٌّ لاَ يَمُوتُ، بِيَدِهِ الْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، كَتَبَ اللهُ لَهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ حَسَنَةٍ، وَمَحَا عَنْهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ سَيِّئَةٍ، وَبَنَى لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ».أخرجه: ابن ماجة والحاكم والترمذي بسند صحيح.

ثم التحلي بالأخلاق الحميدة كلها في التجارة كالصدق،  كما روي عن أبي سعيد الخدري –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «التَّاجِرُ الصَّدُوقُ الأَمِينُ مع النَّبيِّينَ والصِّدِّيقِينَ والشُّهداءِ». أخرجه: الحاكم والترمذي بسند حسن.

وعَن حكيم بن حزام –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «البَيِّعانِ بالخِيارِ مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقا فَإِن صَدَقا وَبَيَّنا بُورِكَ لَهُما فِي بَيْعِهِما وإنْ كَتَما وَكَذَبا مُحِقَتْ بَرَكَةُ بيعهما". متفق عليه.

وعَن رِفَاعَة -رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارِ! إِنَّ التُّجَّارَ يُبْعَثُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فُجَّاراً إِلاَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى الله وَبَرَّ وَصَدَقَ». أخرجه: ابن حبان والترمذي، وقال حديث حسن صحيح.

والسماحة في البيع والشراء، فعن جابر بن عبد الله -رضي الله عنهما- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «رحم الله عبدًا سمحا إذا باع سمحا إذا اشترى سمحا إذا قضى سمحا إذا اقتضى». أخرجه: البخاري والبيهقي بسند صحيح

وإنظار المعسر كما قال الله تعالى: }وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو عُسْرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةٍ وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ{ [البقرة:280[

وقد روي عن أبي هريرة –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «مَنْ نَفَّسَ عَنْ مُؤْمِنٍ كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرَبِ الدُّنْيَا نَفَّسَ الله عَنْهُ كُرْبَةً مِنْ كُرَبِ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَمَنْ يَسَّرَ عَلَى مُعْسِرٍ يسَّرَ الله عَلَيْهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالآخِرَةِ». أخرجه: مسلم والترمذي بسند صحيح

وعن حذيفة –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «تَلَقَّتِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ رُوحَ رَجُلٍ مِمَّنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ. فَقَالُوا: أعَمِلْتَ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: لاَ. قَالُوا: تَذَكَّرْ. قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُدَايِنُ النَّاسَ، فَآمُرُ فِتْيَانِي أَنْ يُنْظِرُوا الْمُعْسِرَ، وَيتَجَوَّزُوا عَنِ الْمُوسِرِ. قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: تَجَوَّزُوا عنه". متفق عليه.

وإقالة النادم على بيعته، كما روي عن أبي هريرة –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «منْ أقالَ نَادِمًا بَيعَتهُ، أَقَاله اللَّهُ عثرته يومَ القيامة". أخرجه: أبو داود والبيهقي بسند صحيح.

ومنها الوفاء بالوعد، كما قال تعالى: }يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا أَوْفُوا بِالْعُقُودِ{ [المائدة:1]

وقد ذم بعض المنافقين الذين لم يفوا بوعودهم كما في قوله تعالى:} وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ عَاهَدَ اللَّهَ لَئِنْ ءَاتَانَا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ لَنَصَّدَّقَنَّ وَلَنَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ *فَلَمَّا ءَاتَاهُمْ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ بَخِلُوا بِهِ وَتَوَلَّوْا وَهُمْ مُعْرِضُونَ* فَأَعْقَبَهُمْ نِفَاقًا فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ يَلْقَوْنَهُ بِمَا أَخْلَفُوا اللَّهَ مَا وَعَدُوهُ وَبِمَا كَانُوا يَكْذِبُونَ{ [ التوبة75:77].

ومن الأخلاق والآداب الإسلامية في التجارة، البعد عن كل الأخلاق الذميمة التي نهى عنها الإسلام الحنيف،

فيبتعد عن الحرام وخاصة الربا، فعن جابر بن عبد الله -رضي  الله عنهما- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «لعن الله آكل الربا ومؤكله وشاهديه وكاتبه هم فيه سواء». أخرجه: مسلم والترمذي بسند حسن صحيح.

ويبتعد عن الغش في البيع بكل صوره، كما قال تعالى:} وَأَقِيمُوا الْوَزْنَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تُخْسِرُوا الْمِيزَانَ{ [الرحمن:9]، وقال:} وَيْلٌ لِلْمُطَفِّفِينَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا اكْتَالُوا عَلَى النَّاسِ يَسْتَوْفُونَ وَإِذَا كَالُوهُمْ أَوْ وَزَنُوهُمْ يُخْسِرُونَ أَلَا يَظُنُّ أُولَئِكَ أَنَّهُمْ مَبْعُوثُونَ لِيَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ النَّاسُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ{ [المطففين 1-6].

وعن أبي هريرة –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «مَن غشَّنا فليس منَّا». أخرجه: مسلم، وابن ماجه، والبخاري في الأدب المفرد بسند صحيح.

ومن صور الغش: بيع المواد الفاسدة والمنتهية الصلاحية، والتلاعب في الأوزان، وتسويق بضاعة رديئة على أنها بضاعة جيدة، وبيع المواد الضارة بالصحة، ووصف مكونات المواد المصنعة بأوصاف غير حقيقية...

ومن الغش أيضا شراء الأشياء المسروقة، فقد روي عن أبي هريرة –رضي الله عنه- أن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «مَنِ اشْتَرَى سَرِقَةً وَهُوَ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهَا سَرِقَةٌ فَقَدْ شَرِكَ فِي عَارِهَا وَإِثْمِهَا». أخرجه: الحاكم والبيهقي، وسنده مختلف فيه.

ويبتعد عن كثرة الحلف، كما قال تعالى }إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمَانِهِمْ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا{[آل عمران: 77]

وعن أبي هريرة –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «الْحَلِفُ مُنَفِّقَةٌ لِلسِّلْعَةِ، مُمْحِقَةٌ لِلْبَرَكَةِ». متفق عليه.

ويبتعد عن احتكار السلع، كما روي عن أبي هريرة –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «مَنِ احْتَكَرَ حُكْرَةً يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُغْلِيَ بِهَا على المسلمين فهو خاطئ، وَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ ذِمَّةُ الله وَرَسُولِهِ». أخرجه: أحمد والحاكم

وعن عمر –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «مَنِ احْتَكَرَ عَلَى المُسْلِمِينَ طَعَامَهُمْ ضَرَبَهُ الله بالجذام والإفلاس». أخرجه: أحمد وابن ماجه حسن.

ثم تعظيم شعائر الله، وخاصة الصلاة وقت البيع، فاترك تجارتك وعملك، واهرع إلى الصلاة، لأن هذا الوقت ملك لله، كما أن المال مال الله، قال تعالى: {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نُودِيَ لِلصَّلَاةِ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ}(الجمعة: 9).

وأخيرا: تطهير التجارة بالصدقة مما حدث فيها من لغو ونحوه، كما روي عن  قيس بن أبي غرزة  –رضي الله عنه- عن النبي -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قال: «يَا مَعْشَرَ التُّجَّارَ! إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ وَالإِثْمَ يَحْضُرَانِ الْبَيْعَ فَشُوبُوا بَيْعَكُمْ بِالصَّدَقَةِ».أخرجه: الطبراني والترمذي، وقال حسن صحيح.

 

والحمد لله رب العالمين

 

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The Muslim's Trading Manners

By: Sheikh Abdelaziz Ragab

 

All praise is due to Allah alone, and prayer and peace be upon the final Messenger of Allah and his followers.

Trading in Islam is not controlled by laws, Islamic and man-made rules only, but also by values and moral standards, which we must be committed to during all kinds of dealings and acts. Trading is a kind of cooperation, and must be based on what The Almighty Allah says: { 5:2… Help you one another in Al-Birr and At-Taqwa (virtue, righteousness and piety); but do not help one another in sin and transgression…. }

 

Islam put for trade a set of moral, social behaviors, and human ethical values which must be followed and preserved. This will result in the reform of both the people and the countries.

 

Some of those values are:

- Good intentions

This will result in facilitating and blessing of the sold merchandise. Otherwise, it will be a loss, even if you were the smartest of men.

* Narrated Abu Huraira (May Allah be pleased with him): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever takes the money of the people with the intention of repaying it, Allah will repay it on his behalf, and whoever takes it in order to spoil it, then Allah will spoil him."

* Abu Ahmad Al-Ghazali says: "with good intention and doctrine at the start of trade; a man must seek self-sufficiency, and not ask for money or covet and borrow money from people. He must pay back his debts, and be satisfied with what is sufficient for supporting his family, which will make him like the man who fights in the way of Allah.

 

-Supplication for going to the market:

It was narrated from Salim bin 'Abdullah bin 'Umar, from his father, that his grandfather told that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever says, when he enters the marketplace: 'La ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-mulk wa lahul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu, wa Huwa hayyun la yamutu, bi yadihil-khairu kulluhu, wa Huwa ala kulli shay’in Qadir (None has the right to be worshiped but Allah alone, with no partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty and to Him is the praise, He gives life and gives death, and He is Ever-Living and does not die; in His Hand is all goodness and He is Able to do all things),' Allah will record for him one million good deeds, and will erase from him one million bad deeds, and will build for him a house in Paradise."

 

- Good manners:

* It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'The trustworthy, honest Muslim merchant will be with the martyrs on the Day of Resurrection."

 

* Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Both parties in a business transaction have the right to annul it, as long as they have not separated; except in transactions, which have been made subject to the right of parties to annul them.

 

* Narrated Isma'il bin 'Ubaid bin Rifa'ah: via his father, from his grandfather, that he went with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to the Musalla, and he saw the people doing business so he said: 'O people of trade!' and they replied to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) turning their necks, and their gazes towards him, and he said: Indeed the merchants will be resurrected on the Day of judgement with the wicked, except the one who has Taqwa of Allah, who behaves charitably, and is truthful.'"

 

* It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "May Allah have mercy on a person who is lenient when he sells, lenient when he buys, and lenient when he asks for payment."

 

* Granting time for the debtor who has money: { 2: 280. And if the debtor is in a hard time (has no money), then grant him time till it is easy for him to repay, but if you remit it by way of charity, that is better for you if you did but know.}

 

*  Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “If anyone relieves a Muslim believer from one of the hardships of this worldly life, Allah will relieve him of one of the hardships of the Day of Resurrection. If anyone makes it easy for the one who is indebted to him (while finding it difficult to repay), Allah will make it easy for him in this worldly life and in the Hereafter, and if anyone conceals the faults of a Muslim, Allah will conceal his faults in this world and in the Hereafter. Allah helps His slave as long as he helps his brother.”

 

* Huthaifah reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: "The angels took away the soul of a person, who had lived among people who were before you. They (the angels) said: Did you do anything good? He said: No. they said: Try to recall. He said: I used to lend to people and order my servants to give respite to one in straitened circumstances and give allowance to the solvent, for Allah, the Exalted and Majestic, said (to the angels): You should ignore (his failing)".

 

* Rescinding a sale:  Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet (ﷺ) said: If anyone rescinds a sale with a Muslim, Allah will cancel his slip, on the Day of Resurrection.

 

* Fulfilling obligations: { 5:1. O you who believe! Fulfill (your) obligations.} 

 The Almighty Allah dispraised the hypocrites who did not go through with their obligations { 9: 75. And of them are some who made a covenant with Allah (saying): "If He bestowed on us of His Bounty, we will verily, give Sadaqah (Zakat and voluntary charity in Allah's Cause) and will be certainly among those who are righteous." 76. Then when He gave them of His Bounty, they became niggardly [refused to pay the Sadaqah (Zakat or voluntary charity)], and turned away, averse.

77. So He punished them by putting hypocrisy into their hearts till the Day whereon they shall meet Him, because they broke that (covenant with Allah) which they had promised Him and because they used to tell lies.}

 

 

-The fourth ethical value is staying away from bad manners, which Islam made unlawful, and warned against, especially usury.

·        Jabir said that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) cursed the accepter of interest and its payer, and one who records it, and the two witnesses, and he said: They are all equal.

·        A Muslim must also stay away from all kinds of sale deceits. { 55. 9. And observe the weight with equity and do not make the balance deficient.}

·        And He said  { 83:1. Woe to Al-Mutaffifin [those who give less in measure and weight (decrease the rights of others)], 2. Those who, when they have to receive by measure from men, demand full measure, 3. And when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due. 4. Think they not that they will be resurrected (for reckoning), 5. On a Great Day, 6. The Day when (all) mankind will stand before the Lord of the 'Alamin (mankind, jinns and all that exists)?}

·         Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "He who takes up arms against us is none of us; and he who cheats us is none of us."

·         Another form of cheating is selling materials with an expired date of use, tampering with the weights, claiming that the merchandise is good, with the knowledge that it is bad, selling materials which are harmful for the health, and describing the material  which the merchandise is made of with what is not true.

·        Keeping away from buying stolen goods.  Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying, "Whoever buys something which he knows is stolen, he has indeed shared in its shame and sin."

·        A Muslim must keep away from excessive swearing {3: 77. Verily, those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and their oaths, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter (Paradise). …}

·         Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying, Swearing produces a ready sale for a commodity, but blots out the blessing."

·        It was narrated that 'Umar bin Khattab said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Whoever hoards food (and keeps it from) the Muslims, Allah will afflict him with leprosy and bankruptcy."

·        Honoring the Symbols of Allah, especially praying during selling times, leave your work and hurry to the mosque to perform praying, because that time is for the Almighty Allah, as well as the money. He says: { 62:9.  O you who believe (Muslims)! When the call is proclaimed for the Salat (prayer) on the day of Friday (Jumu'ah prayer), come to the remembrance of Allah [Jumu'ah religious talk (Khutbah) and Salat (prayer)] and leave off business (and every other thing), that is better for you if you did but know! }

 

Finally, trade must be purified from possible unlawful acts:

It was narrated that Qais bin Abi Gharazah said: "At the time of the Messenger of Allah, we used to be called Samasir (brokers). The Messenger of Allah came to us when we were selling, and called us by a name that was better than that. He said: 'O merchants (Tujjar), this selling involves lies and (false) oaths, so mix some charity with it.'"

 

All praise is due to Allah alone

 

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Etica musulmana del commercio

Autore: sheikh Abd alAziz Rajab

Lode ad Allah, pace e benedizioni sul Messaggero di Allah e sulla sua famiglia e sui suoi compagni e su chi lo segue.

Il commercio nell’Islam non è regolato solo dalle leggi e dai regolamenti fondamentali della scienza e della pratica ma anche dalla disciplina e dai valori etici di cui ci conviene essere forniti nel corso dei nostri acquisti e vendite e in tutte le nostre transazioni: queste attività sono un aspetto della collaborazione tra la gente e bisogna che ci sia in esse il timor di Dio e la devozione. Disse Allah Taala: ((Aiutatevi l'un l'altro in carità e pietà e non sostenetevi nel peccato e nella trasgressione))(alMaida). L’Islam dispose per il commercio norme etiche, e modalità sociali e educazione umana a cui conviene attenersi perché migliori, grazie ad essa la situazione dei paesi e dei credenti. Tra questi valori:

La bontà dell’intenzione: se l’intenzione è buona, Allah ti fa felice e benedice il tuo affare e se l’intenzione è cattiva, il tuo commercio perderà anche se tu fossi il più abile degli uomini. Abu Hureira , Allah sia soddisfatto di lui, riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Chi prende il denaro degli uomini con l’intenzione di ripagarlo, Allah lo ripagherà per lui. Chi prende il denaro degli uomini per distruggerlo, Allah lo distruggerà”. Trasmesso dal Bukhary e da Ahmed. L’Islam ci aiuta ad essere corretti insegnandoci le giuste preghiere, per esempio quando si entra al mercato. Omar bin al Khatab, Allah sia soddisfatto di lui, riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Chi entra al mercato e dice : Non c’è dio all’infuori di Allah, l’unico e non ha associati, a lui il regno e a lui la lode, fa nascere e fa morire mentre lui è vivo e non muore, da lui viene ogni bene, di tutto è capace: Allah scrive per lui un milione di buone azioni e cancella un milione di cattive azioni e costruisce per lui una casa nel Jenna”. Bisogna dotarsi di qualità morali come la fiducia, Abu Saad raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “il mercante onesto e degno di fiducia sarà insieme ai profeti e ai martiri (nel giorno del giudizio)” . Hakim bin Hazam raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse; “Il venditore e il compratore hanno il diritto di restituire i beni finchè non si separano, se entrambi hanno detto il vero allora il loro negozio sarà benedetto e se avranno detto il falso o nascosto qualcosa, allora la benedizione andrà persa” Sahih alBukhary.  Rifaia raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse entrando al mercato: “O gente del commercio! Tutti i mercanti saranno con i malvagi il giorno del giudizio, a parte quelli che hanno il timore di Dio e son degni di fiducia”.

La tolleranza è importante nel commercio. Jabar ibn AbdAllah raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Allah abbia compassione di chi non è  duro nella vendita e nell’acquisto e chiede i suoi soldi con pazienza”. Disse Allah taala: ((280. Chi è nelle difficoltà, abbia una dilazione fino a che si risollevi. Ma è meglio per voi se rimetterete il debito, se solo lo sapeste!))(alBaqara). Abu Hureira raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Chi aiuta un fratello musulmano che è in difficoltà per i problemi della Dunia, Allah lo aiuterà nel giorno del giudizio, Chi aiuta i debitori in difficoltà Allah lo aiuterà in questa vita e nell’altra” riportato dal Tirmidhy e da Muslim. Ci narra Hazifa raa che il Nabiu saw disse: “Gli angeli portarono via l’anima di un uomo che visse prima di voi. Gli angeli chiesero: Hai fatto qualcosa di buono? Rispose: No. Prova di ricordare. Davo ordine ai miei servi di non essere duri con debitori e di lasciar loro un po’ di dilazione. Allah l’Altissimo disse ai suoi angeli: ignorate i suoi peccati”. Allah Taala disse: ((O voi che credete! Rispettate gli impegni))(alMaida) e poi disse: ((75. Qualcuno di loro si è assunto un impegno di fronte ad Allah: “Se ci darà della Sua grazia, saremo certamente generosi e saremo gente del bene”. 76. Quando poi Egli dà loro della Sua grazia, diventano avari e volgono le spalle e si allontanano. 77. [Per questo] l'ipocrisia si stabilisce nei loro cuori, fino al Giorno in cui Lo incontreranno, perché mancarono alla promessa ad Allah e perché mentirono!))(atTauba)

Dall’etica e dall’educazione islamica del commercio vien chiaro che bisogna allontanarsi da pratiche biasimevoli vietate dall’Islam Hanif: allontanarsi specialmente dall’usura oltre che dalle cose vietate. Jabar bin Abdullah raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Allah maledice chi chiede un interesse e chi lo paga e anche i testimoni di questa usura”. Bisogna allontanarsi dall’imbroglio in ogni sua forma come disse Taala: ((Conta il peso con equità e non falsare la bilancia))(alRahman) e poi disse Taala: ((1. Guai ai frodatori, 2. che quando comprano esigono colma la misura, 3. ma quando sono loro a misurare o a pesare, truffano. 4. Non pensano che saranno resuscitati, 5. in un Giorno terribile, 6. il Giorno in cui le genti saranno ritte davanti al Signore dei mondi?))(alMutaffifin). Abu Hureira raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Chi imbroglia non è dei nostri” Tra i modi di imbrogliare troviamo: vendere merce corrotta, o scaduta; giocare con i pesi; mettere in commercio merci scadenti come fossero di qualità; vendere merci nocive alla salute; descrivere gli ingredienti delle merci con false descrizioni.  Non bisogna comprare merci rubate; Abu Hureira raa disse che il Nabiu saw disse: “chi compra merce rubata conoscendo la sua provenienza, è partecipe del crimine e pagherà per lo stesso peccato” Disse Allah taala: ((77. In verità, coloro che svendono a vil prezzo il patto con Allah e i loro giuramenti, non avranno parte alcuna nell'altra vita ))(al Imran). Abu Hureira raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Giurare (da parte del venditore) può essere utile per la vendita ma toglie la benedizione all’affare”. Ci deve essere inoltre libertà nel commercio e chi monopolizza qualche merce incorre nell’ira di Allah e nel biasimo del suo Profeta. Omar bin alKhatab raa riporta che il Nabiu saw disse: “Chi nasconde beni e li cela ai musulmani, Allah lo rovinerà con la lebbra ed il fallimento”

Ricordiamo la necessità di adempiere alle devozioni ad Allah swt, come di affrettarsi alla preghiera al momento della vendita , lasciando il lavoro ed il commercio perché disse Allah taala: ((9. O credenti, quando viene fatto l'annuncio per l'orazione del Venerdì, accorrete al ricordo di Allah e lasciate ogni traffico.  Ciò è meglio per voi, se lo sapeste.))(alJumua)

Infine ricordo l’avvertimento più importante che il Nabiu saw disse: “O gente del commercio! Invero Satana ed il peccato sono presenti negli affari, dunque purificateli con l’elemosina”